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蠕变是黏弹性材料的重要特征，其已被证明是定量研究其与时间相关结构弛豫现象、滞弹性与塑性变形行为的有效手段。同时，蠕变反映了材料在长时间外载荷作用下真实响应进程，抗蠕变性能亦是评估工程材料服役性能以及寿命的关键指标。因此，研究黏弹性材料的蠕变行为，既有助于深入理解非晶固体变形断裂机制，又可对其作为工程材料实际应用提供理论支撑。本文从经典蠕变概念出发，首先介绍蠕变的宏观演化方式与微观机理；其次结合黏弹性本构模型引入弛豫时间谱这一重要概念；最后以非晶合金这种典型黏弹性材料为例，阐述弛豫时间谱的构建方法并详细探讨其在分析非晶合金蠕变行为中的实际应用。本文综合笔者近年来对于非晶固体蠕变行为的研究成果，提出了一种有助于深层次理解非晶固体蠕变机理的新研究方法，并为深入探寻其时间依赖性动力学弛豫行为提供了全新视角。同时，本文所涉及研究方法也可为其他讲授黏弹性力学课程的教师提供参考与借鉴。
Abstract：As a typical characteristic of viscoelastic materials, creep has been proven to be an effective method for quantitatively studying their time-dependent structural relaxation phenomena, anelastic and plastic deformation behaviors. At the same time, creep reflects the real response of materials under long-term external loading, the creep resistance also serves as a critical parameter for assessing the service reliability and lifespan of engineering materials. Therefore, the study of creep behavior of viscoelastic materials not only provides to understand the deformation and fracture mechanism of amorphous solids, but also helps us to realize theoretical support for their practical application as engineering materials. Starting from the classical concept of creep, this paper first introduces the macroscopic evolution modes and microscopic mechanisms of creep. Subsequently, the important concept of relaxation time spectrum is introduced in conjunction with viscoelastic constitutive models. Taking amorphous alloy as a typical viscoelastic material as an example, the construction method of the relaxation time spectrum is described and its practical application in analyzing the creep behavior of amorphous alloy is discussed in detail. Synthesizing recent advances in our research on the creep behavior of amorphous solids, a novel approach that facilitates a deeper understanding of the time-dependent dynamical relaxation behavior of amorphous solids is proposed. This framework not only offers new perspectives for investigating the underlying mechanisms but also holds potential as a reference for educators teaching viscoelastic mechanics.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:TB302.3
引用信息:
[1]乔吉超,徐宗睿.弛豫时间谱在研究黏弹性材料蠕变行为中的应用[J].物理与工程,2025,35(03):31-37.
基金信息:
西北工业大学教育教学改革研究项目资助项目(项目编号：2025JGZ17);西北工业大学研究生教育综合改革发展创新项目(课程改革专项,项目编号：KCJG202513)