| 22 | 0 | 17 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
The Zeeman effect, a fundamental quantum phenomenon, demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems. While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly, there remains a lack of simple, visually accessible demonstration for educational purposes. Here, we present a low-cost experiment that allows for direct visual observation of the Zeeman effect. Our setup involves a flame containing sodium(from table salt) placed in front of a sodium vapor lamp. When a magnetic field is applied to the flame, the shadow cast by the flame noticeably lightens, providing a clear, naked-eye demonstration of the Zeeman effect. Furthermore, we conduct two quantitative experiments using this setup, examining the effects of varying magnetic field strength and sodium concentration. This innovative approach not only enriches the experimental demonstration for teaching atomic physics at undergraduate and high school levels but also provides an open platform for students to explore the Zeeman effect through hands-on experience.
Abstract：The Zeeman effect, a fundamental quantum phenomenon, demonstrates the inter-action between magnetic fields and atomic systems. While precise spectroscopic measure-ments of this effect have advanced significantly, there remains a lack of simple, visually ac-cessible demonstration for educational purposes. Here, we present a low-cost experiment that allows for direct visual observation of the Zeeman effect. Our setup involves a flame containing sodium(from table salt) placed in front of a sodium vapor lamp. When a magnetic field is applied to the flame, the shadow cast by the flame noticeably lightens, providing a clear, naked-eye demonstration of the Zeeman effect. Furthermore, we conduct two quanti-tative experiments using this setup, examining the effects of varying magnetic field strength and sodium concentration. This innovative approach not only enriches the experimental demonstra-tion for teaching atomic physics at undergraduate and high school levels but also provides an open platform for students to explore the Zeeman effect through hands-on experience.
[1] BAKKER C.Fifty years zeeman effect[J].Physica,1946,12:555.
[2] SRIVASTAVA A,SIDLER M,ALLAIN A V,et al.Valley zeeman effect in elementary optical excitations of monolayer wse 2[J].Nature Physics,2015,11:141.
[3] SUN Z,CAO Z,CUI J,et al.Large zeeman splitting induced anomalous hall effect in zrte5[J].npj Quantum Materials,2020,5:36.
[4] CRUTCHER R M,KEMBALL A J.Review of zeeman effect observations of regions of star formation[J].Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences,2019,6:66.
[5] KOCHUKHOV O.Magnetic fields of m dwarfs[J].The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review,2021,29:1.
[6] TAYLOR A S,HYDE A R,BATISHCHEV O V.Zeeman effect experiment with high-resolution spectroscopy for advanced physics laboratory[J].American Journal of Physics,2017,85:565.
[7] dos Santos M C,Porcher P,Krupa J,et al.Absorption and zeeman effect in-doped:Measurements and simulation[J].Journal of Physics:Condensed Matter,1996,8:4643.
[8] JACKSON D A,KUHN H.The hyperfine structure of the zeeman components of the resonance lines of sodium[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.Series A.Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1938,167:205.
[9] FOOT C J.Atomic physics,Vol.7[M].Oxford University Press,2005.
[10] GRIBL A,PETRINOVI■ robust method for Gaussian profile estimation in the case of overlapping objects[J].IEEE Access,2021,9:21071.
基本信息:
DOI：10.27024/j.wlygc.2025.12.16.06
中图分类号:O413
引用信息:
[1]QIN Shaohan,MA Yuhan.IN-CLASS DEMONSTRATION OF THE ZEEMAN EFFECT: FROM QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION TO QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTS[J].物理与工程,2026,36(01):21-27.DOI:10.27024/j.wlygc.2025.12.16.06.
基金信息:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China for support under grant No.12305037; the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under grant No.2023NTST017
2025-12-23
2025-12-23
2025-12-23