物理与工程

基础学科拔尖创新人才的自主培养，特别是物理学科，是决定我国科技竞争力和长远发展的重要因素。然而，当前人才培养面临急功近利、应试教育、文化传统抑制创新、国际交流受阻以及人工智能冲击等多重深层次问题，亟需从理念到制度作出系统性回应。本文总结清华大学拔尖计划1.0至2.0的实践经验，围绕国家育人现状、“钱学森之问”的当下回答、中国科技进步特征、人工智能时代高校教学如何深入改革等问题，从国内外社会环境、师生精神层面提出若干人才培养的建议和指导。本文再现回顾朱邦芬院士对“以独立之精神，自由之思想”为核心培育面向未来的原始创新人才的报告全程。

The independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in basic sciences,particularly in physics,is a critical factor determining China's technological competitiveness and long-term development.However,current talent cultivation faces multiple deep-rooted challenges,including short-termism,exam-oriented education,cultural traditions that inhibit innovation,hindered international exchanges,and the impact of artificial intelligence,which urgently call for systematic responses at both conceptual and institutional levels.This report summarizes the practical experiences of Tsinghua University's Top-notch Talent Program from Phase 1.0 to 2.0.It analyzes the current state of national talent cultivation,the contemporary response to "Qian Xuesen's Question," the characteristics of China's scientific progress,and the in-depth reform of university teaching in the age of artificial intelligence.It also examines the deep-seated issues faced by physics top-notch talent training bases in talent cultivation,including domestic and international social environments,the spiritual and intellectual dimensions of teachers and students,and artificial intelligence,and puts forward several guiding suggestions.This paper reproduces Academician Zhu Bangfen's entire report on cultivating future-oriented original innovative talents centered on the core values of "independent spirit and free thought."