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本文介绍了相对性原理从伽利略相对性原理到狭义相对论再到广义相对论的发展过程。受此启发，进行了量子力学满足伽利略相对性原理的变换形式探究。本文从幺正变换可以保持量子力学的物理规律不变出发，将量子力学中的动量平移幺正变换与经典力学中的伽利略变换相对应，揭示出量子力学满足伽利略相对性原理的变换形式可以通过动量平移幺正变换实现。这种探究有利于学生深入思考量子力学和经典物理的对应关系，能降低初学者对于量子物理和经典物理之间的冲突感，帮助学生搭建从经典到量子思维跃迁的桥梁。
Abstract：This paper introduces the development of the principle of relativity from Galileo's principle of relativity to special relativity and then to general relativity. Inspired by this, we explored the transformation form of quantum mechanics to meet Galileo's principle of relativity. Firstly, from the point that unitary transformation can keep the physical laws of quantum mechanics unchanged, we correspond the momentum translation unitary transformation in quantum mechanics to the Galileo transformation in classical mechanics, and reveal that the transformation form of quantum mechanics that meets the Galileo principle of relativity can be realized through the momentum translation unitary transformation. This inquiry is conducive to students' in-depth thinking about the corresponding relationship between quantum mechanics and classical physics, can help beginners reduce the conflict between quantum physics and classical physics, and help students build a bridge from classical to quantum thinking.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:O413.1
引用信息:
[1]吕文文,王锋.量子力学满足伽利略相对性原理的变换形式探究[J].物理与工程,2025,35(03):20-22+30.
基金信息:
北京市自然科学基金(1242026)