物理与工程

本文讨论了太空电梯设想的可行性。首先列出了环绕地球做稳定圆周运动卫星以及地球同步卫星的速度、轨道半径和机械能等基本运动公式，作为后续分析的基础。描述了现有星载卫星姿态和位置的调整机构。介绍了太空天梯的设想并计算了地球同步卫星与太空电梯组合系统在维持轨道位置时耗费的燃料。进而引出了配重卫星的必要性、工作原理、轨道半径和运行规则。最后指出太空电梯的设想所面临的两个难题。其一，卫星状态维持所需耗费的化学燃料量可能超出节能预期，其二，在随机的大气和宇宙环境扰动下，上述组合系统可能难以通过有效自动控制，实现在地球同步轨道上的稳定停留。

This paper explores the feasibility of the space elevator concept. It begins by presenting fundamental equations for satellites in stable circular orbits and geosynchronous orbits, covering their speed, orbital radius, and mechanical energy. These form the basis for subsequent analysis. The paper also reviews existing satellite attitude and position-adjustment mechanisms. Then, it introduces the space elevator concept and calculates fuel consumption for a combined geosynchronous satellite and space elevator system maintaining its orbital position. It goes on to discuss the necessity, working principle, orbital radius, and operation rules of counterweight satellites. Finally, the paper points out two major challenges for the space elevator concept. First, chemical fuel consumption for satellite state maintenance might exceed energy-saving expectations. Second, due to random atmospheric and cosmic disturbances, the combined system may struggle to stay stable in geosynchronous orbit via effective automatic control.