物理与工程

本文介绍第24届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛理论考试的第三题。该题是关于类星体的观测与能量计算，包括最初的实验观测和理论建模计算。题目分为6个部分，涵盖了从光学，近代物理和电磁学等多方面内容。本题内容涉及广泛，难度不大，特点是将实验观测与理论计算结合较好，因此本文做一个详细的介绍与解答。

This paper introduces the third question of the theoretical examination in the 24th Asian Physics Olympiad. The question is about the observation and energy calculation of quasars, including initial experimental observations and theoretical modeling calculations. The question is divided into six parts, covering a variety of topics from optics, modern physics, and electromagnetism. The content of this question is broad, with moderate difficulty, and its distinctive feature is the good integration of experimental observation and theoretical calculation. Therefore, a detailed introduction and solution are provided here.