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人工智能与物理学正进入深度交叉融合的新阶段。长期以来,物理学不仅为人工智能的发展提供了对称性、统计力学、量子理论等重要理论基础,也不断推动智能模型、训练优化与计算范式的创新;与此同时,随着人工智能系统复杂性的持续提升,其运行机理与演化规律也逐渐成为物理学关注和研究的新对象。在此背景下,本文提出物理第一性AI(Physics-first AI)这一概念,将人工智能视为运行于客观物理世界中的复杂信息处理系统,从物理学的基本原理与研究思想出发,系统理解、设计并优化AI的模型结构、训练机制、计算方式与推理范式,形成一种新的人工智能研究范式。本文系统梳理了人工智能与物理学交叉发展的理论脉络,并围绕结构先验、统计力学、量子理论和物理推理四个方面,阐述物理学推动新一代人工智能发展的理论基础与潜在路径,进一步讨论人工智能时代物理教育的发展方向。物理第一性AI有望为人工智能基础理论的发展提供新的物理视角,并推动科学智能、自主科学发现和未来通用人工智能的发展。
Abstract:Artificial intelligence(AI)and physics are entering a new stage of deep interdisciplinary integration.Physics has long provided foundational ideas for AI,including symmetry,statistical mechanics,and quantum theory,while continuing to inspire new model architectures,learning principles,and computational paradigms.At the same time,as AI systems become increasingly complex,their internal mechanisms,collective behavior,and emergent dynamics are becoming new objects of interest and investigation in physics.In this Perspective,we introduce Physics-first AI,a research paradigm that regards AI as a complex informationprocessing system embedded in the physical world and seeks to understand,design,and build intelligent systems from fundamental physics principles and modes of reasoning.Physics-First AI aims to provide a common foundation for model architectures,training mechanisms,computational processes,and reasoning paradigms through a unified physics perspective.We trace the historical interplay between physics and AI and discuss how structure priors,statistical mechanics,quantum theory,and physics reasoning may together shape the next generation of intelligent systems.We further examine how this emerging paradigm could reshape physics education and the training of interdisciplinary researchers in the AI era.Physics-First AI offers a route toward a physics-grounded theory and design framework for next-generation intelligence,opening new opportunities for scientific AI,autonomous scientific discovery,and ultimately artificial general intelligence.
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基本信息:
DOI:10.27024/j.wlygc.2026.07.08.is
中图分类号:TP18;O41
引用信息:
[1]罗迪.物理第一性AI:从物理通向智能[J].物理与工程,2026,46(05):29-37.DOI:10.27024/j.wlygc.2026.07.08.is.
2026-08-06
2026-08-06
2026-08-06