量子力学的教学和基础研究THE RESEARCH OF TEACHING AND FOUNDATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
王锋,曾天海
摘要(Abstract):
本文挑选了我们在arXiv上发布的两篇文稿和在期刊上发表的九篇文章的部分内容进行了综述,并有一些表述的更新,涉及为理解量子力学的一些概念和量子现象所作的解释或研究,有些可能算得上基础或基本问题的研究,即基本原理之下更深层次问题的研究。最主要考虑的是相互作用的缺失,或者定性地把外场势能还原为相互作用能,并定性地考虑相关的环境。对几个典型的用反直觉的相干叠加纯态来解释的量子现象,提供了自认为比以前稍微容易理解的解释,并总结为粒子的波动性即相干叠加性来源于与环境的相互作用。尝试在量子力学基本假设或原理中添加一个假设,我们称为第零假设:实物粒子不自由,即任何实物粒子与环境的相互作用不可能为零。这为理解量子力学中的微观粒子的波动性,即相干叠加纯态提供了可能的基础。为落到实处,设想了新的双缝实验,期望有人据此做实验,并预测实验结果既得到干涉图样,又能辨别粒子通过哪条缝,从而摆脱which-way困境。还有不同于一般量子力学教科书的对量子测量、守恒所做的解释。
关键词(KeyWords): 相互作用;纠缠态;叠加纯态;粒子波动性;第零假设;双缝;量子测量;守恒
基金项目(Foundation): 北京市自然科学基金(1242026)资助
作者(Author): 王锋,曾天海
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