一维无限深势阱中多粒子问题的数值研究NUMERICAL STUDY OF MULTI-PARTICLE SYSTEMS IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL INFINITE POTENTIAL WELL
谢惟楷,余伟超
摘要(Abstract):
本文通过开发参数化维度映射策略,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件实现了对一维无限深势阱中多粒子量子系统的数值模拟研究,通过建立粒子坐标与软件内置空间维度的非定域对应关系,克服了高维量子系统的计算复杂性。通过对单电子、双电子和三电子系统的分析,探讨了库仑相互作用对波函数分布和能级结构的影响。结果表明,在双电子系统中,库仑相互作用使波函数概率密度集中在电子距离较远的区域,并显著提高了系统总能量。对于不同电子数目,能量-宽度依赖关系(即基态能量随势阱宽度的变化规律)可以分为动能和势能两部分的贡献,前者与势阱宽度的二次方成反比,后者与势阱宽度的一次方成反比。通过引入有效幂次分析,发现随着电子数增加,能量与势阱宽度的关系趋于线性反比。该方法学创新显著降低了多体量子系统的教学演示难度,研究结果为深入理解低维量子系统中电子间相互作用的影响提供了新的视角。
关键词(KeyWords): 一维无限深势阱;多电子量子系统;库仑相互作用;数值模拟;能量-宽度依赖关系
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(项目批准号12204107)
作者(Author): 谢惟楷,余伟超
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