验证牛顿第二定律实验中关于光电门测速的一种系统误差分析ANALYSIS OF A KIND OF SYSTEMATICAL ERROR ABOUT USING PHOTOELECTRIC GATES TO MEASURE VELOCITIES IN THE EXPERIMENT OF VERIFYING NEWTON'S SECOND LAW
邵云
摘要(Abstract):
本文推导出在验证牛顿第二定律的实验中遮光条中心通过两个光电门时的准确速率,以及滑块加速度的严格结果。分析显示,这些严格准确的结果与通常实验中以平均速率代替瞬时速率的测量结果在量值上几乎没有区别,即实验中的通常做法所带来的系统误差几乎为零。但是在定性的性质上,速率的测量值会略微小于其准确值,而加速度的测量值则会略微大于其准确值。为充实内容,本文又推理出以遮光条的宽度,以及其两段位移所表达的测量加速度的相对误差,并据此判断出相对误差随各参量的变化趋势。虽然本文在本质上属于理论性的研究,对于实际实验的参考价值不大,但是其理论上的参考价值仍是客观存在的,对大中学相关内容的教学以及学生科学素养的培养具有一定的帮助。
关键词(KeyWords): 遮光条;光电门;瞬时速率;加速度;系统误差
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 邵云
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