袁茂辉,黄黔豫,张轩浩,姜曼,韩凯

• 1:国防科技大学前沿交叉学科学院

摘要(Abstract)：

在电磁波或光学类教材中,电磁场的波函数的时间因子通常写成负号。而在《大学物理》教材中关于波动与振动教学内容,由振动方程推导出波动方程时,其时间项通常表示为正号。笔者在教学过程中,常有学生提出此类疑问,因此有必要对时间项的正负号概念及物理意义进行讨论,从而更好地帮助学生理解其物理图像。本文从电场和磁场波动方程出发,给出其通解的物理意义和波动的相关概念,详细讨论了电磁波波函数中时间项正负号的物理内涵,在此基础上分析了在处理电磁波或者光学类问题时将波函数的时间因子表达为负号的现实考虑,澄清和解释了电磁波波函数通常表示为负号的疑问。

关键词(KeyWords)： 波函数;电磁波;时间项;正负号;相位

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 湖南省普通本科高校教学改革研究项目（项目批准号：202502000010）

作者(Author): 袁茂辉,黄黔豫,张轩浩,姜曼,韩凯

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