量子安全直接通信QUANTUM SECURE DIRECT COMMUNICATION
张飞昊,龙桂鲁
摘要(Abstract)：
量子安全直接通信是以量子态为载体，直接安全传输信息的量子通信技术，由清华大学团队于2000年首次提出。量子通信泛指通过使用量子态完成信息传输的技术，按量子态传输的内容不同可分为三类：传输随机数的量子密钥分发、传输经典信息的量子安全直接通信、传输量子信息的量子隐形传态。经过20余年发展，量子安全直接通信逐步成熟并走向应用：建立了适配高损耗、高噪声及高安全要求场景的通信理论体系，完成了光纤与自由空间中的量子直接通信实验演示，建成城域、城际及组网三个量子安全直接通信里程碑系统，并在5G专网、银行等多种场景成功试用。量子安全直接通信具备多种用途：通过窃听感知而避免信息泄露，保障信息安全；通过监听感知定位暴露位置，为预防定点清除、保护指挥员人身安全提供技术支撑；还可通过感知侵入与篡改行为，为网络安全提供新型防护。目前，量子安全直接通信已被纳入中国、欧盟及美国的相关规划文件，正在快速发展。本文将简述量子直接通信的发展历史、基本原理、研究进展与未来展望。
关键词(KeyWords)： 量子安全直接通信;量子直接通信;量子通信
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金（编号：62471046）资助项目
作者(Author): 张飞昊,龙桂鲁
DOI: 10.27024/j.wlygc.2026.06.03.is
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