清华大学基础物理实验系列课程建设与教学实践IMPROVEMENT AND TEACHING PRACTICE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS EXPERIMENT SERIES COURSES AT TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY
郭旭波,王宇航,宋飞,吴珊,刘滢滢,张留碗
摘要(Abstract):
面对招生制度和教育教学改革对实验教学提出的新要求,清华大学物理系实验物理教学中心以“科教融合”与“积木式平台”为核心建设理念,对面向物理大类学生的基础物理实验系列课程进行了系统性改革。本文详细阐述了课程建设的整体思路与教学实践:在研究型实验项目建设方面,坚持基础性与挑战性相结合的原则,自主开发了同轴光子晶体、旋转光纤干涉仪等一系列特色实验项目;在教学平台搭建方面,采用了通用仪器与自研积木式仪器相结合的开放、透明、低成本、可扩展方案;在教学模式方面,实施了“基础—综合—研究”进阶式教学模式,有效推进了因材施教。教学实践表明,课程激发了学生的学习兴趣,取得了积极的效果。
关键词(KeyWords): 基础物理实验;研究型教学;科教融合;积木式平台
基金项目(Foundation): 2025年清华大学本科教育教学改革项目(批准号:100-043)资助课题
作者(Author): 郭旭波,王宇航,宋飞,吴珊,刘滢滢,张留碗
DOI: 10.27024/j.wlygc.2026.06.30.01
参考文献(References):
- [1] 朱邦芬.从基础科学班到清华学堂物理班——朱邦芬院士在清华大学基科班20年·学堂班10年庆典大会上的讲话[J].物理与工程,2018,28(5):5-11.ZHU B F.From the basic science class to Tsinghua college program on Physics[J].Physics and Engineering,2018,28(5):5-11.(in Chinese)
- [2] 王青.小班教学与翻转课堂:《费曼物理学Ⅱ》的十年教学实践——纪念费曼先生百年诞辰[J].物理与工程,2018,28(4):20-38.WANG Q.Small group teaching and flipped classroom:《Feynman physics Ⅱ》 ten year's teaching experiment-to commemorate the centenary of the birth of Richard Phillips Feynman[J].Physics and Engineering,2018,28(4):20-38.(in Chinese)
- [3] 费恩曼,莱顿,桑兹.费恩曼物理学讲义:新千年版,第一卷[M].郑永令,华宏鸣,吴子仪,等译.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2013.FEYNMAN R P,LEIGHTON R B,SANDS M.The Feynman lectures on physics:the new millennium edition:Vol.1[M].ZHENG Y L,HUA H M,WU Z Y,et al.,trans.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers,2013.(in Chinese)
- [4] 波蒂斯,扬.伯克利物理实验[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.PORTIS A M,YOUNG H D.Berkeley physics laboratory[M].Beijing:Science Press,1982.(in Chinese)
- [5] 张朝晖.发展研究型基础物理实验教学的理念与实践[J].物理实验,2021,41(7):37-41.ZHANG Z H.Ideas and practice on development of research-type teaching of the basis physics experiments[J].Physics Experimentation,2021,41(7):37-41.(in Chinese)
- [6] 李智,张朝晖.以“科研引领实验教学”理念,推动物理实验教学的改革和团队建设[J].物理实验,2018,38(3):24-27.LI Z,ZHANG Z H.Improvement of the physical experiment teaching guided by the idea of “leading experiment teaching by scientific research”[J].Physics Experimentation,2018,38(3):24-27.(in Chinese)
- [7] 赵伟,王中平,韦先涛,等.拔尖人才培养背景下开展英才物理实验教学试点的总结和展望[J].物理实验,2021,41(9):23-28.ZHAO W,WANG Z P,WEI X T,et al.Pilot teaching of elite physics experiment under the background of top-notch talent training[J].Physics Experimentation,2021,41(9):23-28.(in Chinese)
- [8] 乐永康,龚新高,苏卫锋,等.虚实结合的物理实验教学[J].物理实验,2017,37(1):39-43.LE Y K,GONG X G,SU W X,et al.Physics experiment teaching integrated with virtual-reality technology[J].Physics Experimentation,2017,37(1):39-43.(in Chinese)
- [9] GUO X B,LIU Y Y,CHANG Y,et al.Theoretical and experimental examination of simple coaxial photonic crystals for undergraduate teaching[J].American Journal of Physics,2022,90(2):152-158.
- [10] 王宇航,郭旭波,宋飞,等.基于光纤光谱仪的黑体辐射实验设计与实践[J].大学物理,已接收.WANG Y H,GUO X B,SONG F,et al.Design and practice of a blackbody radiation experiment based on a fiber optic spectrometer[J].College Physics,accepted.(in Chinese)