李泽琴,宁长春,杨瑞,冯有亮

• 1:西藏大学宇宙线教育部重点实验室(西藏大学)

摘要(Abstract)：

人类对宇宙最早的认识和观测始于可见光，之后由于有1865年麦克斯韦对电磁波的预言，1887年赫兹的证实，以及1933年杨斯基发现银河系的射电辐射，可见光观测自此扩展到电磁波多波段观测，出现了多波段天文学。1912年，赫斯发现宇宙线，使得天文观测在电磁波观测之外多了一种手段，拉开了多信使天文学的序幕。1987年，戴维斯和小柴昌俊发现了来自超新星爆发的中微子信号，这也是人类首次探测到了来自宇宙的中微子，至此又多了一种认识和观测宇宙的信使。此后，2016年美国激光干涉引力波观测站LIGO探测到引力波，在补齐对于验证爱因斯坦广义相对论的最后一块拼图的同时，也使得引力波成为多信使天文学中最新引入的一种信使。本文介绍了电磁波、宇宙线、中微子、引力波这四种信使的基本概念、发现历史以及探测宇宙的基本原理，对其代表性的实验进行了收集整理，并就其中的一个典型实验进行了简要介绍。期望能够就多波段多信使天文学的发展历程给出一个比较完整的描摹。

关键词(KeyWords)： 电磁波;宇宙线;中微子;引力波;多信使天文学

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 西藏自治区科技计划项目资助(JDRC2023000009);; 西藏自治区教育科学研究2023年度一般课题(XZEDGP230022);; 西藏自治区教育科学研究2022年度教学研究课题(XZEDTP220101);; 西藏大学2022年硕士研究生《极简天文课》课程建设项目

作者(Author): 李泽琴,宁长春,杨瑞,冯有亮

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