中美高校物理本科教育模式的比较与分析COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF PHYSICS UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION MODE BETWEEN CHINA AND AMERICA
姜寒玉,何军,黄虹霞,平加伦,郭立波
摘要(Abstract):
建设具有中国特色的世界一流大学既要充分借鉴西方教育的发展经验,又要结合中国实际。多层次的立体式、融合性创新发展模式是高等教育发展的必然趋势。物理学是诸多学科与技术发展不可或缺的基础,物理教育是全球技术经济发展的主要驱动力。因此,本文以6所中美著名大学为研究对象,分别从物理专业本科教学理念、体制特点、课程设置、教师职称结构和师生比等多方面进行比较分析,以期引发我国高校物理本科教育模式的思考,也为建设中国特色的世界一流大学提供有价值的参考信息。
关键词(KeyWords): 教育模式;中美高校;物理教育;课程设置;师生比;职称结构
基金项目(Foundation): 南京师范大学高等教育教学改革研究课题“认知结构迁移观融合范例性教学模式——以“物理学”为例的高校实践类课程探究”(课题批准号:2020NSDJG010)和“推动创新性本科人才培养路径建立的探索与研究”(课题批准号:2019NSDJG038)的阶段性成果
作者(Author): 姜寒玉,何军,黄虹霞,平加伦,郭立波
参考文献(References):
- [1]于红波.建设新时代中国特色大学应把握好四个特性[J].中国高等教育,2020,Z1:21-23.YU H B.Four characteristics should be grasped in the construction of university with Chinese characteristics in the new era[J].China Higher Education,2020,Z1:21-23.(in Chinese)
- [2]古丽亚,钱俊.第三次世界物理学会大会决议[J].物理,2001,30(8):59.GU L Y,QIAN J.The Third World Conference on Physics[J].Physics,2001,30(8):59.(in Chinese)
- [3]http://catalog.yale.edu/ycps/academic-regulations/coursecredits-course-loads/[Z/OL](2020-05-03).
- [4]http://catalog.yale.edu/ycps/subjects-of-instruction/physics/[Z/OL](2020-03-07).
- [5]http://catalog.yale.edu/ycps/yale-college/distributional-requirements/[Z/OL](2020-04-09).
- [6]http://web.mit.edu/physics/current/undergrad/index.html[Z/OL](2020-03-07).
- [7]http://guide.berkeley.edu/courses/physics/[Z/OL](2020-03-28).
- [8]http://guide.berkeley.edu/undergraduate/education/#uni versityrequirementstext[Z/OL].
- [9]http://www.phys.tsinghua.edu.cn/[Z/OL].
- [10]https://www.pku.edu.cn/academics/index.htm#1[Z/OL].
- [11]http://phys.fudan.edu.cn/7508/list.htm[Z/OL].
- [12]许祥云,张茜.美国本科生科研核心能力图景、培育路径及其启示---基于美国研究型大学的教育实践[J].比较教育研究,2020(4):26-33.XU X Y,ZHANG X.Picture,cultivation path and enlightenment of scientific research core competence of American undergraduates-educational practice based on American research universities[J].International and Comparative Education,2020(4):26-33.(in Chinese)
- [13]高众,刘继安,陈健坤.卓越本科生科研训练体系构成要素及运行机制---基于美国高校实践的分析[J].比较教育研究,2018,40(4):55-61.GAO Z,LIU J A,CHEN J K.Essential characteristics and operational mechanisms in excellent undergraduate research programs:An analysis of the experiences of American universities and colleges[J].International and Comparative Education,2018,40(4):55-61.(in Chinese)
- [14]AAC&U.An introduction to LEAP[EB/OL].(2016-03-15)[2020-02-26].https://www.aacu.org/sites/default/files/files/LEAP/IntroToLEAP2015.pdf.
- [15]林林,肖奕.麻省理工学院与清华大学物理学科课程设置比较[J].比较教育研究,2003(9):53-58.LIN L,XIAO Y.Comparison of the setting of undergraduate curriculum between MIT and Tsinghua university[J].International and Comparative Education,2003(9):53-58.(in Chinese)
- [16]郑丽君,王明德.中美高校教学计划管理的比较研究[J].高等理科教育,2007(1):56-58.ZHENG L J,WANG M D.A comparative study of teaching plan management in Chinese and American universities[J].Higher Education of Sciences,2007(1):56-58.(in Chinese)
- [17]孙荪.本科生科研:意蕴、价值与制度化路径---基于美国的经验[J].江苏高教,2018(7):66-69.SUN S.Undergraduate scientific research:implication,value and institutionalization path-Based on the experience of the United States[J].Jiangsu Higher Education,2018(7):66-69.(in Chinese)
- [18]王冀宗,吴兰平.高校教师职称结构分析:以不同类型高校为分析样本[J].中国电力教育,2011(35):47-48,65.WANG Y Z,WU L P.Analysis on the structure of professional titles of University Teachers:taking different types of colleges and universities as analysis samples[J].China Electric Power Education,2011(35):47-48,65.(in Chinese)