自由落体法测量重力加速度的一种改进方案AN IMPROVED MEASUREMENT OF g BASED ON FREE-FALL
李满,温茂琳,王文丰,彭培强,李轩,裴玲,邓罡
摘要(Abstract)：
重力加速度的测量是大学物理实验的常见项目之一。该实验项目教学中最常用的方法之一是自由落体法。但是由于实验条件的限制,实验一般都是在空气中进行,空气阻力将会使测量结果明显偏小。针对这一问题,本团队从两方面入手。从原理上考虑阻力的影响,得到较简单的理论公式。从数据处理上采用非线性拟合,解决结果对模型参数的依赖。改进后的方案测量结果更接近真值,而且可零成本推广到绝大多数已有的重力加速度测量教学仪器上使用,对本科生物理实验教学有较大意义。
关键词(KeyWords)： 重力加速度;空气阻力;非线性拟合;自由落体;大学物理实验
基金项目(Foundation): 湖北工业大学教研项目“校2014035”
作者(Author): 李满,温茂琳,王文丰,彭培强,李轩,裴玲,邓罡
参考文献(References)：
- [1]陈乐乐,罗覃,邓小兵,等.基于原子干涉技术的精密重力测量研究[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2016,46(7):21-38.CHEN L L, LUO Q, DENG X B, et al. Precision gravity measurements with cold atom interferometer[J]. Sci SinPhys Mech Astron, 2016, 46(7):21-38.(in Chinese)
- [2] NIEBAUER T M, SASAGAWA G S, FALLER J E, et al.A new generation of absolute gravimeters[J]. Metrologia,1995, 32:159-180.
- [3]温建平,杨晓冬,练广伟,等.重力加速度测量实验的误差分析与改进[J].物理与工程,2014,24(4):33-36+40.WEN J P, YANG X D, LAN G W, et al. Improvement and error analysis in the experiment of measuring acceleration of gravity by single pendulum[J]. Physics and Engineering,2014, 24(4):33-36+40.(in Chinese)
- [4]刘彧奇,谭雨莎,韦先涛,等.单摆测重力加速度实验的改进[J].大学物理,2021,40(3):56-61.LIU Y Q, TAN Y S, WEI X T, et al. Improvement of the experiment using a single pendulum to determine gravitational acceleration[J]. College Physics, 2021, 40(3):56-61.(in Chinese)
- [5]张容,吴显云,王胜中,等.一款基于角度传感器的复摆法重力加速度测量[J].大学物理实验,2020,33(6):58-60.ZHANG R, WU X Y, WANG S Z, et al. A gravity acceleration measurement based on anglesensor by compound pendulum method[J]. Physical Experiment of College, 2020,33(6):58-60.(in Chinese)
- [6]王翘楚,王畅,肖云桓,等.利用刚体转动惯量实验仪测量地球重力加速度[J].物理与工程,2017,27(5):40-43.WANG Q C, WANG C, XIAO Y H, et al. The measurement of gravitational acceleration using the moment of inertial apparatus[J]. Physics and Engineering, 2017, 27(5):40-43.(in Chinese)
- [7]饶迪,程敏熙.用智能手机传感器测量重力加速度的新方法[J].大学物理,2019,38(1):37-38+52.RAO D, CHENG M X. An alternative approach to test the acceleration of gravity by using sensors in smartphone[J].College Physics, 2019, 38(1):37-38+52.(in Chinese)
- [8]韩晨希.自由落体法测量重力加速度实验装置的改进[J].物理实验,2018,38(5):59-61.HAN C X. Improvement on the measurement of gravitational acceleration using free falling movement device[J].Physics Experimentation. Physics and Engineering, 2018,38(5):59-61.(in Chinese)
- [9]苗红梅,杨智敏.利用智能手机居家测量声速和重力加速度[J].大学物理,2021,40(1):27-32.MIAO H M, YANG Z M. Measuring gravitational acceleration and speed of sound by smartphones at home[J]. College Physics, 2018, 38(5):59-61.(in Chinese)
- [10]张兵,程洋,赵经博,等.用自由落体法测量重力加速度的实验误差分析[J].物理与工程,2014,24(S2):54-56.ZHANG B, CHENG Y, ZHAO J B, et al. Error analysis in the experiment of measuring acceleration of gravity[J].Physics and Engineering,2014,24(S2):54-56.(in Chinese)
- [11]李辉,闫向宏,亓鹏,等.利用全信息声发射仪实现恢复系数与重力加速度的快速测量[J].物理与工程,2018,28(2):53-57.LI H, YAN X H, QI P, et al. Measurement the restitution coefficient and the acceleration of gravity quickly by using acoustic holography emission signal transmitter[J].Physics and Engineering,2018,28(2):53-57.(in Chinese)
- [12]俞晓明,崔益和,陈飞,等.考虑空气阻力、浮力用落球法精确测定重力加速度的研究[J].物理与工程,2010,20(5):26-28.YU X M, CUI Y H, CHEN F, et al. Accurate measurement of the acceleration due to gravity using falling ball with the consideration of air drag and buoyancy[J]. Physics and Engineering, 2010, 20(5):26-28.(in Chinese)