气垫导轨测量重力加速度实验系统误差分析ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEMATIC ERRORS ON MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITY ACCELERATION BY AIR TRACK
赵佳乐,张嘉禾,于永江
摘要(Abstract):
气垫导轨测量重力加速度实验中,由于滑块运动的瞬时速度用平均速度代替的理论近似,给加速度测量带来了无法消除的系统误差。本文用控制变量法,研究了挡光片宽度d、滑块静止释放时离第一个光电门的距离L、两光电门间距S和气垫导轨倾角θ等四个参量对该系统误差的影响。研究表明,d值的大小对该系统误差的影响最大,且d值越大影响越大;L对该系统误差的影响次之,且L值越大影响越小;S值的影响较小,也是S值越大影响越小;不考虑滑块运动阻力的理想情况下,θ对该系统误差没有影响;该近似导致了重力加速度的测量值比真值偏大;实验中d、L和S取值分别小于1cm、大于20cm和大于40cm,将是减小该系统误差较好的参数取值。
关键词(KeyWords): 气垫导轨;重力加速度;系统误差;误差分析
基金项目(Foundation): 山东省高等教育本科教改项目(M2018X069);; 教育部产学合作协同育人项目(No201902282034);; 鲁东大学专创融合课程建设项目
作者(Author): 赵佳乐,张嘉禾,于永江
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