理想Rüchardt振荡的耗散机制DISSIPATION MECHANISM OF THE IDEAL RüCHARDT OSCILLATION
侯吉旋
摘要(Abstract):
在理想Rüchardt实验中,绝热无摩擦的活塞做小幅振荡。通过测量活塞的振荡频率即可测得气体的热容比。由于动力学压强与气体压强并不相同,本文指出理想Rüchardt振荡也存在耗散机制。通过计算得出活塞的振幅随时间呈指数衰减,并给出了振荡频率的修正公式。
关键词(KeyWords): 理想气体;绝热过程;气体动理论
基金项目(Foundation): 东南大学教学改革研究与实践项目(2019-074);东南大学理科试验班本科教学综合改革项目资助 教育部高等学校物理学类专业教学指导委员会项目;;
作者(Author): 侯吉旋
参考文献(References):
- [1] RüCHARDT E.Eine einfache Methode zur Bestimmung von CP/CV[J].Phys Z,1929,30:58-59.
- [2] ZEMANSKY M W,DITTMAN R H.Heat and Thermodynamics[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1981:114-117.
- [3] FUCHS H U,The Dynamics of Heat[M].Berlin:Springer,2010:212-214.
- [4] BLIGH P H,HIGGS D,VER B P.Measurement of the ratio of heat capacities[J].Phys Educ,1988,23:314-316.
- [5] TORZO G,DELFITTO G,PECORI B,et al.A new microcomputer-based laboratory version of the Rüchardt experiment for measuring the ratio γ=CP/CV in air[J].Am J Phys,2001,69:1205-1211.
- [6] SEVERN G D,STEFFENSEN T.A simple extension of rüchardt's method for measuring the ratio of specific heats of air using microcomputer-based laboratory sensors[J].Am J Phys,2001,69:387-389.
- [7] DE LANGE O L,PIERRUS J.Measurement of bulk moduli and ratio of specific heats of gases using Rüchardt's experiment[J].Am J Phys,2000,68:265-270.
- [8] DE LANGE O L,PIERRUS J.The quality factor of low-frequency oscillations in gases[J].Trans R Soc South Afr,2003,58:115-117.
- [9] DEIBER A,SIMOND J-P.Aux confins de la mécanique et de la thermodynamique à travers l'expérience de Rüchardt Bull[J].Union Physiciens,1998,92:1615-1631.
- [10] ZONETTI L F C,CAMARGO A S S,SARTORI J,et al.A demonstration of dry and viscous damping of an oscillating pendulum[J].Eur J Phys,1999,20:85-88.
- [11] BRINGUIER E.The frictionless damping of a piston in thermodynamics[J].Euro J Phys,2015,36(5):055024.
- [12] BAUMAN R P,COCKERHAM H L.Pressure of an ideal gas on a moving piston[J].Am J Phys,1969,37:675-679.
- [13] 侯吉旋,司黎明,翁华.从微观角度看理想气体的绝热过程[J].大学物理,2017,36(3):14-15.HOU J X,SI L M,WENG H.Deducing adiabatic equation of ideal gas via kinetic theory of gas[J].College Physics,2017,36(3):14-15.(in Chinese)
- [14] MUNGAN C E.Damped oscillations of a frictionless piston in an adiabatic cylinder enclosing an ideal gas[J].Euro J Phys,2017,38(3):035102.
- [15] 侯吉旋,司黎明,张勇,等.论活塞平衡条件[J].大学物理,2014,33(1):11-12,16.HOU J X,SI L M,ZHANG Y,et al.On the equilibrium condition for movable piston[J].College Physics,2014,33(1):14-16.(in Chinese)