美国一流理工院校基础学科本科课程体系的特点和启示——以物理学科为例CHARACTERISTICS AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULUM SYSTEM OF FUNDAMENTAL SUBJECTS IN TOP-RANKING UNIVERSITIES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES: THE CASE OF PHYSICS
银燕,李春燕,梁晓波
摘要(Abstract):
基础学科人才培养在国家创新人才培养体系中占有十分重要的位置,本科课程体系是高等院校培养人才的核心要素。本文通过对加州理工学院、麻省理工学院和普林斯顿大学的物理学专业本科课程体系的调研,根据这三所高校对获得物理专业本科学位的要求对其本科课程体系的主要特点进行分析,总结出通识教育和研究型倾向两个主要特征。国内高校需要从课程体系设计和内容建设入手,精心设计能够提供广阔视野的通识课程和能够促进本科生创新能力培养的专业课程,构建有利于基础学科创新性人才成长的本科课程体系。
关键词(KeyWords): 基础学科;物理专业;本科课程体系;人才培养
基金项目(Foundation): 国防科技大学人才培养重大专项课题(U2020102)
作者(Author): 银燕,李春燕,梁晓波
参考文献(References):
- [1]马飙.高校课程体系改革刍议[J].高校教育管理,2007,1(5):61-69.MA B. Discussion about curriculum system reform in universities[J]. Journal of Higher Education Management,2007,1(5):61-69.(in Chinese)[2][2020-09-07].http://ranking.promisingedu.com/worldtimes.
- [3]王蕙.哈佛大学通识教育对中国高校的借鉴意义[J].中国青年社会科学,2015,34(3):83-88.WANG H. The reference significance of general education of Harvard University to Chinese Universities[J]. Journal of China Youth College for Political Sciences, 2015,34(3):83-88.(in Chinese)
- [4] General education requirements.[EB/OL].[2020-10-25].https://ua.princeton.edu/contents/general-education-requirements.
- [5] Information for undergraduate students.[EB/OL].[2020-10-25].https://catalog.caltech.edu/archive/1920.
- [6] General Bachelor of science degree requirements.[EB/OL].[2020-10-25].http://catalog.mit.edu/mit/undergraduateeducation/general-institute-requirements/.
- [7] Program of Study for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering.[EB/OL].[2020-10-25].https://ua.princeton.edu/contents/.
- [8]伏振兴.美国物理学专业本科课程结构的特点及借鉴———以美国得克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校为例[J].宁夏师范学院学报(自然科学),2013,34(3):81-87.FU Z X. Characteristics of the structure of undergraduate curriculum of physics in American and its enlightenment—Take the University of Texas at Arlington as an example[J]. Journal of Ningxia Teachers University(Natural Science), 2013,34(3):81-87.(in Chinese)
- [9]陈静漪,李桂雅.加州理工学院物理学专业本科生和硕士研究生课程设置分析[J].物理与工程,2016,26(3):53-58.CHEN J Y, LI G Y. Analysis and enlightenment in undergraduate and graduate curriculum of physics education at California Institute of Technology[J]. Physics and Engineering, 2016,26(3):53-58.(in Chinese)
- [10]张卓.研究型大学的基本特征和评价体系[J].南京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2002,4(2):44-49.ZHANG Z. On the features and evaluation system of research university[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics(Social Sciences), 2002,4(2):44-49.(in Chinese)
- [11]教育部高等学校教学指导委员会.普通高等学校本科专业类教学质量国家标准[M].高等教育出版社,2018.
- [12] I-Explore Modules.[EB/OL].[2020-10-25].https://www.imperial.ac.uk/study/ug/i-explore/.
- [13]复旦大学通识教育中心:模块课程.[EB/OL].[2020-10-25].http://gecc.fudan.edu.cn/
- [14]钱莉.本科生科研参与及其对学生学术能力发展的影响———基于南京大学SERU调查的研究[J].教学研究,2018,41(4):93-98.QIAN L.Undergraduates'scientific research participation and its influence on students'academic ability development—Research based on SERU survey of Nanjing University[J].Research in Teaching, 2018,41(4):93-98.(in Chinese)