密立根油滴实验中温度因素的影响:理论考量与实验校准INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE IN THE OIL-DROP EXPERIMENT:THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION AND EXPERIMENTAL CORRECTION
朱明宇,陈艺欣,陈敏,尹亚玲,宋也男
摘要(Abstract):
密立根油滴实验中,油滴荷电量的测量往往受各种误差的影响。研究发现,忽视温度变化对空气黏滞系数与油的密度的影响,是油滴实验中系统误差的主要来源,考虑其影响是获得理想的元电荷测定结果的必然要求。本研究设计了实时测温的实验方案,并根据温度变化校准实验参数。据此得到的元电荷测定结果,在本研究实验条件下,相对误差从未校准时的4%降至校准后的0.5%。实验结果验证了方案的可行性,以及对温度变化对参数影响所作修正的必要性。
关键词(KeyWords): 油滴实验;元电荷;空气黏度
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 朱明宇,陈艺欣,陈敏,尹亚玲,宋也男
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- (1)实验使用与南京浪博科教仪器有限公司OM-99型油滴实验仪配套的钟表油,密度—温度关系由油滴实验仪厂家提供。