袁思,黎龙飞,董瑞志,左瀚,刘伟,郑宁

• 1:北京理工大学物理学院

摘要(Abstract)：

增加个体速度或个体间挤压强度，个体通过瓶颈的流量反而明显降低，这就是著名的“欲速则不达”现象。本文利用分子动力学模拟研究了在不同速度场驱动下，自驱动力对活性粒子瓶颈堵塞特性的影响。随着粒子自驱动力的增加，活性粒子的整体流量反而减少。基于粒子的阻塞概率与互补累积分布函数的拟合幂律指数，解释了尽管自驱动力可有效增强粒子的运动能力，但同时也引起堵塞事件的增加，最终造成整体流量下降。活性粒子瓶颈流作为典型的复杂系统，可帮助学生理解个体最优化并不一定会使整体效率最优的物理思想，并且其对数据处理统计分析水平要求较高，这对本科生学术能力的训练和科学素养的培养很有帮助。

关键词(KeyWords)： 活性物质;堵塞;瓶颈;欲速则不达

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(11974044);; 北京理工大学大学生创新训练项目(BIT2021LH221)

作者(Author): 袁思,黎龙飞,董瑞志,左瀚,刘伟,郑宁

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 施夏清，马余强.活力物质的非平衡结构和动力学[J].物理，2012,41(1):31-38.SHI X Q,MA Y Q.Non-equilibrium structure and dynamics of active matter[J].Physics,2012,41(1):31-38.(in Chinese)
• [2] 陈雷鸣.干活性物质的动力学理论[J].物理学报，2016,65(18):186401-1-186401-8.CHEN L M.Hydrodynamic theory of dry active matter[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(18):186401-1-186401-8.(in Chinses)
• [3] BECHINGER C,LEONARDO R D,L?WENH,et al.Active particles in complex and crowded environments[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2016,88,045006-1-045006-50.
• [4] 陆坤权，刘寄星.颗粒物质(上)[J].物理，2004,33(9):629-635.LU K Q,LIU J X.Granular Matters(Ⅰ)[J].Physics,2004,33(9):629-635.(in Chinese)
• [5] 国家自然科学基金委员会，中国科学院编.中国学科发展战略·软凝聚态物理学[M].科学出版社，2020.
• [6] 郑志刚.系统的涌现动力学-从同步到集体输运[M].北京：科学出版社，2019.
• [7] HELBINGD,MOLNAR P.Social force model for pedestrian dynamics[J].Physical Review E,1995,51(5):4282-4286.
• [8] PASTOR J M,GARCIMARTíN A,GAGO P A,et al.Experimental proof of faster-is-slower in systems of frictional particles flowing through constrictions[J].Physical Review E,2015,92,062817-1-062817-6.
• [9] LIN P,MA J,LIU T Y,et al.An experimental study of the “faster-is-slower” effect using mice under panic[J].Physica A,2016,452,157-166.
• [10] TIAN B,SUN W P,LI M,et al.Flowrate behavior and clustering of self-driven robots in a channel[J].Chinese Physics B,2018,27(3),038902:1-6.
• [11] BAROIS T,BOUDET J F,LANCHON N,et al.Characterization and control of a bottleneck-induced traffic-jam transition for self-propelled particles in a track[J].Physics Review E,2019,99,052605-1-052605-9.
• [12] 麻礼东，杨光辉，张晟，等.三维漏斗中颗粒物质堵塞问题的数值实验研究[J].物理学报，2018,67(4):112-117.MA L D,YANG G H,ZHANG S,et al.Numerical experiment studies of clogging during the discharge of granular matter in a three-dimensional hopper[J].Acta PhysicaSinica,2018,67(4):112-117.(in Chinese)
• [13] YU Q C,ZHENG N,SHI Q F.Clogging of granular materials in a horizontal hopper:Effect of outlet size,hopper angle,and driving velocity[J].Physical Review E,2021,103,052902-1-052902-10.
• [14] STICCOIM,CORNESF E,FRANK G A,et al.Beyond the faster-is-slower effect[J].Physical Review E,2017,96,052303-1-052303-9.
• [15] GARCIMARTíN A,PASTOR J M,FERRERL M,et al.Flow and clogging of a sheep herd passing through a bottleneck[J].Physical Review E,2015,91,022808-1-022808-7.
• [16] ZURIGUELI,PARISID R,HIDALGOR C,et al.Clogging transition of many-particle systems flowing through bottlenecks[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4(7324):1-8.
• [17] CLAUSETA,SHALIZIC R,NEWMAN M E J.Power-law distributions in empirical data[J].SIAM Review,2009,51(4):661-703.
• [18] JANDA A,ZURIGUELI,GARCIMARTíN A,et al.Jamming and critical outlet size in the discharge of a two-dimensional silo[J].Europhysics Letters,2008,84,44002-p1-44002-p6.