测量缪子寿命和衰变能谱的简单装置及其蒙特卡洛模拟A SIMPLE SETUP TO MEASURE MUON LIFETIME AND ELECTRON ENERGY SPECTRUM OF MUON DECAY AND ITS MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
胡雨石,王天冶,梅叶峰,张钊,宁传刚
摘要(Abstract)：
文章设计了一套简单的测量缪子平均寿命和衰变能谱的装置.用闪烁体探测器测量缪子衰变事件,探测器的输出信号用一个简单低成本的信号判选电路判选出缪子衰变事件,并触发数字示波器记录缪子衰变的信号.一个自行编写的可视化控制软件可以从这些记录的信号中分析出缪子的平均寿命和衰变能谱.本文还提出了一种用能量损失的朗道分布进行系统能量定标的方法.对探测系统进行了蒙特卡洛模拟,很好重现了实验结果.该套系统中所有的硬件和软件都是对学生完全开放的,非常适合用于教学实验.
关键词(KeyWords)： 宇宙线缪子;缪子衰变;能谱;朗道分布;蒙特卡洛模拟
基金项目(Foundation): 教育部基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划支持(项目号:20160204);; 基金委基础科学人才培养支持(项目号:J1210018)
作者(Author): 胡雨石,王天冶,梅叶峰,张钊,宁传刚
参考文献(References)：
- [1]Muon,Wikipedia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon.
- [2]Particle Data Group,Particle Physics Booklet(Lawrence Berkeley National Lab,Berkeley,CA,1998).
- [3]Caso C,et al.Particle data group,review of particle physics[J].Euro Phys J C 1998,3(1):1-783.
- [4]Hall R E,Lind D A,Ristinen R A.A simplified muon lifetime experiment for the instructional laboratory[J].Am.J.Phys.1970,38(10):1196-1200.
- [5]Owens A,Macgregor A E.Simple technique for determining the mean lifetime of the cosmic rayμmeson[J].Am.J.Phys.1978,46(8):859-860.
- [6]Lewis R.Automatic measurement of the mean lifetime of the muon[J].Am.J.Phys.1982,50(10):894-895.
- [7]Ward T,Barker M,Breeden J,et al.Laboratory study of the cosmic-ray muon lifetime[J].Am.J.Phys.1985,53(6):542-546.
- [8]The speed and decay of cosmic-ray muons:Experiments in the relativistic kinematics of the universal speed limit and time dilation.MIT Department of Physics,October 17,2014,http://web.mit.edu/8.13/www/JLExperiments/JLExp14.pdf.
- [9]Coan T,Liu T K,Ye J B.A compact apparatus for muon lifetime measurement and time dilation demonstration in the undergraduate laboratory[J].Am.J.Phys.2006,74(2):161-164.
- [10]孙腊珍,吴雨生,李澄.μ子寿命测量实验[J].物理实验,2010,30(2):1-3,19.
- [11]Brau B,May C,Ormond R,et al.Determining the muon mass in an instructional laboratory[J].Am.J.Phys.2009,78(1):64-70.
- [12]Wilkinson DH,Ionization energy loss by charged particles PartⅠ.The Landau distribution[J].Nucl.Instr.and Meth.A 1996,383(2):513-515.
- [13]Atomic and Nuclear Properties of Materials for 292substances,http://pdg.lbl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties/
- [14]Agostinelli S,Allison J,Amako K,Apostolakis J et al.,Geant4—a simulation toolkit[J].Nucl.Instr.and Meth.A 2003,506(3):250-303.
- [15]Kremer J et al.Measurements of Ground-Level Muons at Two Geomagnetic Locations[J].Phys.Rev.Lett.1999,83(21):4241-4244.
- [16]Reiter R A,Romanowski T A,Sutton R B,and Chidley B G,Precise Measurements of the Mean Lives ofμ+andμ-Mesons in Carbon[J].Phys.Rev.Lett.1960,5(1):22-23.
- [17]K.A.Olive et al.(Particle Data Group).Review of Particle Physics[J].Chin.Phys.C,2014,38(9),090001.
- [18]Ehrlich R D,Fryberger D,Powers R J,Sherwood B A,and Telegdi V L,Measurement of the Electron Spectrum from Muon Decay,and Its Implications[J].Phys.Rev.Lett.,1966,16(12):540-543.
- [19]Stopping-Power and Range Tables for Electrons,Protons,and Helium Ions,http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Star/Text/contents.html