居家实验：利用滴重法和悬滴法测量液体的表面张力系数HOME EXPERIMENT: MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE TENSION COEFFICIENT OF LIQUIDS BY DROP GRAVITY AND PENDANT DROP METHODS
李文华,王槿,文小青
摘要(Abstract)：
目前，非实验室环境下开展的基础物理实验教学不仅仅是应对突发公共安全事件的举措，也改变着物理教学的模式。在南开大学居家物理实验教学案例的基础上，给出了在非实验室环境下可较低成本地开展的两种液体表面张力系数测量的实验方案，方案提出利用手机以及简易输液瓶和自动铅笔头可以组装出滴重法和悬滴法测量液体表面张力系数的装置，并利用该装置对自来水的表面张力系数进行了测量，给出了详细的实验设计、测量方案以及测量结果的准确度，进而探讨了其在基础物理实验教学上的适用性。
关键词(KeyWords)： 居家实验;表面张力系数;滴重法;悬滴法
基金项目(Foundation): 高等学校教学研究项目(DJZW202010hb);; 港澳与内地高等学校师生交流计划项目(202111120070);; 国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1210027);; 南开大学物理基地能力提高项目(J1103208)
作者(Author): 李文华,王槿,文小青
参考文献(References)：
- [1] PARK J Y,JONG S L,YOON C,et al.Effect of a Fluorinated Sodium Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate (Aerosol-OT,AOT) Analogue Surfactant on the Interfacial Tension of CO_2+Water and CO_2+Ni-Plating Solution in Near-and Supercritical CO_2[J].Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data:the ACS Journal for Data,2005,50(2):299-308.
- [2] GUY B,SALAZAR L,MILLER A.Achieving Low Interfacial Tension with Industrial Available Surfactants[C]//SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia.OnePetro,2012.
- [3] DU NOUY P L.A new apparatus for measuring surface tension[J].The Journal of general physiology,1919,1(5):521-524.
- [4] 胡炜.轴对称悬滴法表面张力实验系统研制及二甲基亚砜/甲醇混合物表面张力实验研究[D].太原：太原理工大学，2015.
- [5] 刘逸飞，王槿，李文华，等.基于对轴对称液桥边缘轮廓拟合的液体表面张力系数测量研究[J].大学物理，2019,38(3):54-56+69.LIU Y F,WANG J,LI W H,et al.Liquid surface tension coefficient measurement based on the profile fitting of axisymmetric liquid bridge[J].College Physics,2019,38(3):54-56+69.(in Chinese)
- [6] 刘子臣.大学基础物理实验(力学、热学及分子物理分册)[M].2版.天津：南开大学出版社，2005:195-200.
- [7] 吕洪方，石文星.大学物理实验[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2019:107-111.
- [8] TATE T.XXX.On the magnitude of a drop of liquid formed under different circumstances[J].The London,Edinburgh,and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science,1864,27(181):176-180.
- [9] HARKINS W D,BROWN F E.The determination of surface tension (free surface energy),and the weight of falling drops:The surface tension of water and benzene by the capillary height method[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,1919,41(4):499-524.
- [10] LEE B B,RAVINDRA P,CHAN E S.A critical review:surface and interfacial tension measurement by the drop weight method[J].Chemical Engineering Communications,2008,195(8):889-924.
- [11] 崔国文.表面与界面[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1990:3-28.
- [12] 艾芳洋，毕胜山，吴江涛.全轮廓拟合悬滴法表面张力实验系统[J].物理实验，2015,35(5):1-6.AI F Y,BI S S,WU J T.Surface tension experiment system with ful-profile fiting pendent drop method[J].Physics Experimentation,2015,35(05):1-6.(in Chinese)
- [13] ANDREAS J M,HAUSER E A,TUCKER W B.Boundary tension by pendant drops1[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry,2002,42(8):1001-1019.
- [14] BIDWELL R M,DURAN JR J L,HUBBARD G L.Tables for the determination of the surface tensions of liquid metals by the pendant drop method[R].Los Alamos Scientific Lab.,Univ.of California,N.Mex.,1963.
- [15] 刘子臣.大学基础物理实验(力学、热学及分子物理分册)[M].2版.天津：南开大学出版社，2005:245.
- [16] International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (June 2014).“http://www.iapws.org/relguide/Surf-H2O.html”.
- [17] MILLER R,SCHANO K H,HOFMANN A.Hydrodynamic effects in measurements with the drop volume technique at small drop times 1.Surface tensions of pure liquids and mixtures[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,1994,92(3):189-196.
- [18] BERRY J D,NEESON M J,DAGASTINE R R,et al.Measurement of surface and interfacial tension using pendant drop tensiometry[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2015,454:226-237.