何秀君,黄雨寒,朱广天

• 1:华东师范大学教师教育学院
• 2:成都市锦江区嘉祥外国语高级中学

摘要(Abstract)：

男生和女生群体在智力水平上没有显著差异，但女生对物理学科的自信程度却远低于男生，陷入身份认同困境。为了解释其中原因，本文选取了155名高中生为样本，用结构方程模型分析性别差异的形成机制，确定了性别对物理身份认同的影响模型。该模型显示外界评价是导致男女生物理身份认同产生分歧的主要原因，女生能感知到更多外界的消极否定，身份认同水平较低；而学生的内在因素如兴趣和能力信念对身份认同的影响效应较小，表明当下高中生的自我发展过度依赖外界导向，缺乏内部动力。

关键词(KeyWords)： 物理身份认同;性别差异;结构方程模型

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 何秀君,黄雨寒,朱广天

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 黄铃.我国中小学心理教师身份认同感现状分析[J].云南教育(中学教师),2007(8):3-4.HUANG L.Analysis on the status quo of psychological teachers' identity in Primary and secondary schools in China[J].Yunnan Education,2007(8):3-4.(in Chinese)
• [2] HAZARI Z,SONNERT G,SADLER P M,et al.Connecting high school physics experiences,outcome expectations,physics identity,and physics career choice:A gender study[J].Journal of Research in Science Teaching,2010,47(8):978-1003.
• [3] MONSALVE C,HAZARI Z,MCPADDEN D,et al.Examining the relationship between career outcome expectations and physics identity[J].2016 PERC Proceedings,2016:228-231.
• [4] CARLONE H B,JOHNSON A.Understanding the science experiences of successful women of color:Science identity as an analytic lens[J].Journal of Research in Science Teaching:The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching,2007,44(8):1187-1218.
• [5] LOCK R M,HAZARI Z,POTVIN G.Physics career intentions:The effect of physics identity,math identity,and gender[C]//AIP Conference Proceedings.American Institute of Physics,2013,1513(1):262-265.
• [6] KALENDER Z Y,MARSHMAN E,SCHUNN C D,et al.Why female science,technology,engineering,and mathematics majors do not identify with physics:They do not think others see them that way[J].Physical Review Physics Education Research,2019,15(2):020148.
• [7] KALENDER Z Y,MARSHMAN E,SCHUNN C D,et al.Gendered patterns in the construction of physics identity from motivational factors[J].Physical Review Physics Education Research,2019,15(2):020119.
• [8] MARSHMAN E M,KALENDER Z Y,NOKES-MALACH T,et al.Female students with A's have similar physics self-efficacy as male students with C's in introductory courses:A cause for alarm?[J].Physical review physics education research,2018,14(2):020123.
• [9] 南景宇，王增波，王秀清，等.物理教育专业主要课程学习成绩性别差异分析[J].教学研究，2005(2):150-153.NAN J Y,WANG Z B,WANG X Q,et al.Analysis of the difference lying in the grades of the main curriculums of the male and the female pyhsics majors[J].Research in Teaching,2005(2):150-153.(in Chinese)
• [10] 姚东旻，许艺煊，李昊洋，等.教师的表扬或批评如何影响学生成绩——基于CEPS数据的中介效应分析[J].北京大学教育评论，2021,19(1):109-133+192.YAO D M,XU Y X,LI H Y,et al.How teacher's praise and criticism affect students' academic performance:A mediator analysis based on CEPS database[J].Peking University Education Review,2021,19(1):109-133+192.(in Chinese)
• [11] KOESTNER R,ZUCKERMAN M,KOESTNER J.Praise,involvement,and intrinsic motivation[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,1987,53(2):383.
• [12] KAMINS M L,DWECK C S.Person versus process praise and criticism:implications for contingent self-worth and coping[J].Developmental Psychology,1999,35(3):835.
• [13] GEE J P.Chapter 3:Identity as an analytic lens for research in education[J].Review of Research in Education,2000,25(1):99-125.
• [14] MARSHMAN E,KALENDER Z Y,SCHUNN C,et al.A longitudinal analysis of students' motivational characteristics in introductory physics courses:Gender differences[J].Canadian Journal of Physics,2018,96(4):391-405.
• [15] 郑昊敏，温忠麟，吴艳.心理学常用效应量的选用与分析[J].心理科学进展，2011,19(12):1868-1878.ZHENG H M,WEN Z L,WU Y.The Appropriate Effect Sizes and Their Calculations in Psychological Research[J].Advances in Psychological Science,2011,19(12):1868-1878.(in Chinese)
• [16] MCDONALD R P,HO M H R.Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses[J].Psychological methods,2002,7(1):64.
• [17] HU L,BENTLER P M.Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis:Conventional criteria versus new alternatives[J].Structural equation modeling:a multidisciplinary journal,1999,6(1):1-55.
• [18] 方杰，温忠麟，张敏强.类别变量的中介效应分析[J].心理科学，2017,40(2):471-477.FANG J,WEN Z L,ZHANG M Q.Mediation Analysis of Categorical Variables[J].Journal of Psychological Science,2017,40(2):471-477.(in Chinese)